Glycolic Acid
Alpha Hydroxy Acid
Also known as: Hydroxyacetic acid, AHA
Description
Glycolic acid is the smallest alpha hydroxy acid with the greatest bioavailability due to its low molecular weight. It is widely used for chemical peels and daily exfoliation in dermatology.
Mechanism of Action
Reduces calcium ion concentration in the epidermis, disrupting desmosomal attachments between corneocytes and promoting exfoliation. At higher concentrations, stimulates glycosaminoglycan and collagen synthesis in the dermis.
Indications
- Photoaging
- Acne vulgaris
- Melasma
- Keratosis pilaris
- Ichthyosis
- Actinic keratoses (adjunctive)
Available Concentrations
Side Effects
- Stinging and burning
- Erythema
- Photosensitivity
- Dryness
- Peeling
Contraindications
- Active herpes simplex (for peels)
- Recent facial surgery
- Concurrent retinoid use (relative)
Pregnancy Category
Not classified